Fujian ICH: Mazu belief and customs

Mazu, revered as the most influential goddess of the sea in China, is central to a rich tapestry of beliefs and customs found in the coastal regions of the country.

Originating in the 10th century on Meizhou Island, Mazu is celebrated for her selfless dedication to helping her fellow townspeople and her ultimate sacrifice while attempting to rescue shipwreck survivors. The local community constructed a temple in her honor, recognizing her as a sea goddess.

As maritime activity grew, Mazu's influence expanded, leading successive imperial courts to bestow upon her titles such as "Heavenly Consort", "Empress of Heaven", and "Holy Mother in Heaven".

Mazu belief and customs revolve around the veneration of her virtues—moral integrity, benevolence, and compassion — expressed through a variety of folk practices centered around Mazu temples.

Each year, Mazu is celebrated in grand temple fairs on two major occasions. During these events, people honor her with sacrifices of marine animals, worship her statues, and participate in dances and performances.

Additionally, smaller ceremonies are held throughout the year in over 5,000 Mazu temples worldwide and in private homes. These ceremonies often include offerings of flowers, candles, incense, firecrackers, and evening processions with "Mazu lanterns".

Devotees seek Mazu's blessings for various needs, such as fertility, peace, problem-solving, and general well-being. The belief in Mazu and the customs surrounding her worship are deeply embedded in the lives of coastal Chinese communities and their descendants, serving as a vital cultural link that fosters family harmony, social cohesion, and a shared identity.

In recognition of their cultural significance, Mazu beliefs and customs were inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.