US automakers pump the brakes on EV plans

Ford Motor outlined plans on Thursday to use a Canadian plant it had earmarked for a future electric vehicle to instead build larger, gasoline-powered versions of its flagship F-Series pickup truck.

Ford had already delayed the launch of the planned three-row electric SUVs at its Oakville Assembly facility in April from 2025 to 2027, citing slower than expected growth in EV demand. It said on Thursday it remained committed to those EVs and that timeline but did not say where they would now be built.

The Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker plans to add capacity for 100,000 F-Series Super Duty trucks at the facility, including the ability to use what the company called "future multi-energy technology".

"Super Duty is a vital tool for businesses and people around the world and, even with our Kentucky Truck Plant and Ohio Assembly Plant running flat out, we can't meet the demand," Ford CEO Jim Farley said in a statement. "At the same time, we look forward to introducing three-row electric utility vehicles."

Growth in EV demand globally has slowed, causing market leaders like Tesla and BYD to cut prices to stimulate sales, and legacy automakers like Ford and General Motors to pull back on many of their lofty battery-powered goals.

Ford, which lost nearly $4.7 billion on its EV business in 2023 and has projected it will lose up to $5.5 billion this year, said in February the next generation of EVs would be launched "only when they can be profitable".

Legacy automakers continue to benefit from long-established factories for their gas-powered vehicles, making them more profitable than their EV models, said Sam Fiorani, vice-president at research firm AutoForecast Solutions. Ford has increasingly leaned into the production of hybrid vehicles to win over consumers who aren't ready to go fully electric. The automaker aims to quadruple hybrid production over the next few years.

These lucrative F-150 heavy-duty trucks, which are especially popular for the automaker's commercial business, are also produced at assembly plants in Kentucky and Ohio.

The company plans to invest about $3 billion to expand Super Duty production, including $2.3 billion to install assembly and integrated stamping operations at the Oakville Assembly Complex.

Ford's commercial business has been a profit engine, especially as the automaker burns cash on EV production and development. The company is betting on software-related services in its commercial division to drive profits in the coming years. The unit had operating profit margins of almost 17 percent last quarter.

Meanwhile, GM is scaling back its EV ambitions. The carmaker has given up its previously announced target that it would have a production capacity of 1 million EV units in North America by the end of 2025.

Earlier this month, a GM spokesperson said the automaker would meet EV demand but did not repeat the prior production target.

"We're being flexible. We haven't announced a new capacity target and we will build to demand," said the spokesperson.

GM CEO Mary Barra said GM would not build 1 million EVs next year. She said it is "just because the market's not developing, but it will get there. And so we're going to be guided by the customer."